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10 Greatest Philosophers Of All Time

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Philosophy is the study of knowledge, existence and reality. Philosophers consider human existence in the ideas they put forward from aesthetics, nature, metaphysics, logic, knowledge and theory; that is why their teachings exist till today.

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1. Aristotle

2. Lao-Tzu

3. John Locke

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4. Karl Marx

5. Confucius

6. Ralph Waldo Emerson

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7. Immanuel Kant

8. Epicurus

9. Socrates

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10. Friedrich Nietzsche

Philosophy influences fields such as science, politics and psychology including how we think. For instance, the ideology of Karl Marx on capitalism has inspired many economic and social movements. Also John Locke  political ideas helped shape the constitution of the United States.

Below are the greatest philosophers of all time:

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1. Aristotle

Aristotle is referred to as the first scientist in history. As one of the famous Greek philosophers, he was taught by another famous philosopher, Plato. Most of Aristotle’s works were on aesthetics, political theory, theories on plants and animals, rhetoric and philosophy of mind.

Out of about 200 treatises he wrote, 31 are still existing till today. Aristotle is widely adored for his principles of correct reasoning and methods of rhetoric which are logos (logic), pathos (emotions) and ethos (ethics).

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2. Lao-Tzu

Lao-Tzu was the man who founded Taoism — it became the religion of the Tang dynasty in the 8th century. Taoism is about the coexistence of humans and animals in the universe.

Lao-Tzu believed a soul does not die but joins the universe after death. According to him, there is an energy that guides the earth. Until 1949, Taoism was one of the main religions in China but was banned when the Communist took over.

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3. John Locke

John Locke lived from 1632 to 1704. His work on epistemology and political theory influenced the formation of the United States constitution. He worked as an academic in Oxford, researching medicine there.

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He believed in the rights to life, liberty and property. According to him, the main reason governments exist is to serve its populace. Through his work, Locke laid the foundation for modern political liberalism and philosophical empiricism.

4. Karl Marx

Karl Marx (1818-1883) was one of the greatest German philosophers of his time. He developed Marxism in the 1800s, a philosophy that focused on political, social and economic theories.

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Some of his most notable works such as the Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital explains the dynamics of capitalism and its effect on production, labour and economic development. Marx’s theories continue to influence the economic and political ideology of today.

5. Confucius

Confucius was a great philosopher from China that believed in living life in accordance with ethical and moral social standards. He founded a school of belief called Confucianism concerned with morality and personal ethics.

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The principles of Confucianism are beneficence, non-maleficence, justice and respect for autonomy.

6. Ralph Waldo Emerson

Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American essayist, lecturer and philosopher that lived between 1803 to 1882. He strongly believed in the connection between God, man and nature.

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Emerson’s works transformed society; his work, Self-Reliance emphasized individual intuition and judgment. His works are reflected in movements that emphasize environmentalism, personal development and self-discovery.

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7. Immanuel Kant

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Immanuel Kant is another great philosopher that lived between 1724 to 1804. He believed moral reason overrules any other sort of reason.

His notable works are Pure Reasons, Power of Judgement and Critiques of Practical Reason. His ideas serve as the basis for modern ethical and philosophical thought.

8. Epicurus

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Epicurus was one of Greece’s greatest philosophers of all time. His ideology is very evident in modern hedonism. He believed that the aim of human life should be happiness devoid of mental disturbances and physical pain. To him, happiness is the best and that anxiety emanates from irrational desires which one can eliminate.

9. Socrates

Socrates is referred to as the founder of western philosophy. His works became known through the account of his students, Plato and Xenophon. He was a Greek philosopher that pioneered the ethical tradition of thought. The western philosophical thoughts were derived from his ideology.

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10. Friedrich Nietzsche

Friedrich Nietzsche is another great German philosopher that impacted the west through his teachings that cut across history, science, art and culture. His idea that everything lacks meaning including life itself made him famous. This would later influence existentialist and surrealist movements — they built on his ideas. Nietzsche lived between 1844 to 1900.

Source: Tribune

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US Says Strikes ‘Devastated’ Iran’s Nuclear Program

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Unprecedented US strikes have wrecked Iran’s nuclear program, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth said Sunday as Washington sought to assess what remained of the three targeted sites.

The surprise strikes threaten to deepen conflict in the Middle East after Israel launched a bombing campaign against Iran, with Tehran vowing to retaliate against US involvement.

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But the United States said President Donald Trump wanted peace and urged Iran to end the conflict after strikes on a key underground uranium enrichment site at Fordo, along with nuclear facilities in Isfahan and Natanz.

“We devastated the Iranian nuclear program,” Hegseth told a Pentagon press briefing, adding that the operation “did not target Iranian troops or the Iranian people.”

Trump “seeks peace, and Iran should take that path”, Hegseth said. “This mission was not, and has not been, about regime change.”

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READ ALSO:UK ‘Was Informed Of US Strikes’ On Iran, Plans Evacuating Briton Out of Israel

Standing beside Hegseth, top US general Dan Caine said that “it would be way too early for me to comment on what may or may not still be there.”

“Initial battle damage assessments indicate that all three sites sustained extremely severe damage and destruction,” he told reporters.

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– Protests in Tehran –

People gathered in the center of Tehran to protest against US and Israeli attacks, waving flags and chanting slogans, state TV showed.

Trump claimed total success for the operation in an address to the nation hours after the attack, and Vice President JD Vance followed up on Sunday morning.

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“We know that we set the Iranian nuclear program back substantially last night, whether it’s years or beyond,” he told ABC.

READ ALSO:US Struck Iran With B-2 Bombers, Submarine-launched Missiles – Top US General

“We’re not at war with Iran — we’re at war with Iran’s nuclear program,” he added. “The president took decisive action to destroy that program last night.”

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In Tehran, AFP journalists said the roar of aircraft flying over the city was heard repeatedly for the first time since Israel’s initial attacks.

The UN’s International Atomic Energy Agency said it had not detected any increase in radiation levels at the nuclear sites and Tehran said Sunday there were no signs of contamination.

Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi told reporters in Istanbul the United States and Israel had “crossed a very big red line,” asserting Iran would continue to defend itself “by all means necessary.”

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Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu hailed the US strikes, saying Trump’s decision to “target Iran’s nuclear facilities with the awesome and righteous might of the United States will change history.”

READ ALSO:Iran Nabs 22 Suspected Israeli Spies Amidst Escalating Conflict

The Israeli military was also checking the results of the US raid on the deeply buried nuclear facility in Fordo, with a spokesman saying it was “too soon” to know if Iran had removed enriched uranium from the site.

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The main US strike group was seven B-2 Spirit bombers flying 18 hours from the US mainland to Iran with multiple aerial refuelings, Caine said.

– Global concern –

In response to the US attack, Iran’s armed forces said they targeted multiple sites in Israel including Ben Gurion airport, the country’s main international gateway near Tel Aviv.

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Israeli rescuers said at least 23 people were wounded.

In Jerusalem, Claudio Hazan, a 62-year-old software engineer, said he hoped the US intervention would hasten an end to the Iran-Israel war.

READ ALSO:Israel-Iran War: Stranded Nigerians Cry For Help From Underground Shelters

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Israel by itself would not stop… and it would take longer,” he said.

Israel said it had launched fresh strikes on western Iran and in Qom, south of Tehran. Iran’s official IRNA news agency reported four Revolutionary Guard members were killed in strikes on a military base in the city’s north.

The Israeli military said it had “struck missile launchers ready to launch toward Israeli territory, soldiers in the Iranian Armed Forces, and swiftly neutralized the launchers that launched missiles toward Israeli territory.”

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Iran’s Shargh newspaper reported that a “massive explosion was heard” Sunday in Bushehr province, home to Iran’s only nuclear power plant.

Iranian news agencies also reported strikes in Yazd province.

The United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Oman, which had been mediating Iran-US nuclear talks, criticized the US move and urged de-escalation.

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READ ALSO:UK Joins Other Nations In Pulling Embassy Staff From Iran

The European Union called on all sides “to step back,” while stressing Iran must not be allowed to develop nuclear weapons.

The Iranian foreign minister said he would travel to Moscow for talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin on Monday.

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Following his address, Trump warned Iran against retaliation. Iran and its proxies have previously attacked US military bases in Iraq and elsewhere in the region.

Iran’s Huthi allies in Yemen on Sunday repeated their threat to resume attacks in the Red Sea if Washington joined the war, saying they were ready to target US ships and warships.

The US president had stepped up his rhetoric against Iran since Israel first struck the country on June 13, repeating his insistence it could never have nuclear weapons.

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Tehran denies seeking an atomic bomb. On Saturday, President Masoud Pezeshkian said Iran’s right to pursue a civilian nuclear program “cannot be taken away… by threats or war.”

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US Struck Iran With B-2 Bombers, Submarine-launched Missiles – Top US General

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Seven stealth bombers were used in the US attack against Iranian nuclear sites, which apparently saw little response by Iran’s military, top general Dan Caine said Sunday.

Describing the complex operation, dubbed “Midnight Hammer,” Joint Chiefs Chairman Dan Caine said the “main strike package comprised of 7 B-2 Spirit bombers” flying 18 hours from the US mainland to Iran with multiple aerial refuelings.

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Iran’s fighters did not fly, and it appears that Iran’s surface to air missile systems did not see us throughout the mission. We retained the element of surprise,” Caine added.

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UK ‘Was Informed Of US Strikes’ On Iran, Plans Evacuating Briton Out of Israel

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Britain was notified in advance of the US airstrikes on Iran’s nuclear sites, though it played no part in the military action, Business Secretary Jonathan Reynolds confirmed today.

“We were informed, as you might expect, by a key ally,” Reynolds told Sky News, adding, “We were not and have not been involved in these attacks.”

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The strikes—launched overnight by US B2 stealth bombers and submarines—targeted Iran’s Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan nuclear facilities. President Donald Trump hailed it as “a spectacular military success,” a claim Tehran swiftly denied.

READ ALSO:Israel-Iran War: Stranded Nigerians Cry For Help From Underground Shelters

The UK government is now working to evacuate British nationals trapped in Israel, after Iran launched a wave of retaliatory missiles. Reynolds said it would take “hours, not days” to evacuate them, citing airspace closures as the main delay.

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Prime Minister Keir Starmer backed the US operation, describing Tehran’s nuclear programme as “a grave threat to international security.” He noted that the US acted to “alleviate that threat,” despite previously urging Trump to avoid military escalation.

Reynolds acknowledged public anxiety about the developments and warned of a possible rise in terrorism threats at home: “It would be naïve to say that that wouldn’t potentially increase.”

READ ALSO:Iran Nabs 22 Suspected Israeli Spies Amidst Escalating Conflict

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Opposition figures supported the strikes. Kemi Badenoch said the US had acted “decisively against a regime that fuels global terror.” Reform UK leader Nigel Farage posted: “Iran must not be allowed to have nuclear weapons. The future of Israel depends on it.”

Iran’s Foreign Minister, Seyed Abbas Araghchi, condemned the US operation as “lawless and criminal behavior,” warning of “everlasting consequences.”

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