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10 Greatest Philosophers Of All Time

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Philosophy is the study of knowledge, existence and reality. Philosophers consider human existence in the ideas they put forward from aesthetics, nature, metaphysics, logic, knowledge and theory; that is why their teachings exist till today.

Contents

1. Aristotle

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2. Lao-Tzu

3. John Locke

4. Karl Marx

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5. Confucius

6. Ralph Waldo Emerson

7. Immanuel Kant

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8. Epicurus

9. Socrates

10. Friedrich Nietzsche

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Philosophy influences fields such as science, politics and psychology including how we think. For instance, the ideology of Karl Marx on capitalism has inspired many economic and social movements. Also John Locke  political ideas helped shape the constitution of the United States.

Below are the greatest philosophers of all time:

1. Aristotle

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Aristotle is referred to as the first scientist in history. As one of the famous Greek philosophers, he was taught by another famous philosopher, Plato. Most of Aristotle’s works were on aesthetics, political theory, theories on plants and animals, rhetoric and philosophy of mind.

Out of about 200 treatises he wrote, 31 are still existing till today. Aristotle is widely adored for his principles of correct reasoning and methods of rhetoric which are logos (logic), pathos (emotions) and ethos (ethics).

2. Lao-Tzu

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Lao-Tzu was the man who founded Taoism — it became the religion of the Tang dynasty in the 8th century. Taoism is about the coexistence of humans and animals in the universe.

Lao-Tzu believed a soul does not die but joins the universe after death. According to him, there is an energy that guides the earth. Until 1949, Taoism was one of the main religions in China but was banned when the Communist took over.

3. John Locke

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John Locke lived from 1632 to 1704. His work on epistemology and political theory influenced the formation of the United States constitution. He worked as an academic in Oxford, researching medicine there.

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He believed in the rights to life, liberty and property. According to him, the main reason governments exist is to serve its populace. Through his work, Locke laid the foundation for modern political liberalism and philosophical empiricism.

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4. Karl Marx

Karl Marx (1818-1883) was one of the greatest German philosophers of his time. He developed Marxism in the 1800s, a philosophy that focused on political, social and economic theories.

Some of his most notable works such as the Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital explains the dynamics of capitalism and its effect on production, labour and economic development. Marx’s theories continue to influence the economic and political ideology of today.

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5. Confucius

Confucius was a great philosopher from China that believed in living life in accordance with ethical and moral social standards. He founded a school of belief called Confucianism concerned with morality and personal ethics.

The principles of Confucianism are beneficence, non-maleficence, justice and respect for autonomy.

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6. Ralph Waldo Emerson

Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American essayist, lecturer and philosopher that lived between 1803 to 1882. He strongly believed in the connection between God, man and nature.

Emerson’s works transformed society; his work, Self-Reliance emphasized individual intuition and judgment. His works are reflected in movements that emphasize environmentalism, personal development and self-discovery.

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7. Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant is another great philosopher that lived between 1724 to 1804. He believed moral reason overrules any other sort of reason.

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His notable works are Pure Reasons, Power of Judgement and Critiques of Practical Reason. His ideas serve as the basis for modern ethical and philosophical thought.

8. Epicurus

Epicurus was one of Greece’s greatest philosophers of all time. His ideology is very evident in modern hedonism. He believed that the aim of human life should be happiness devoid of mental disturbances and physical pain. To him, happiness is the best and that anxiety emanates from irrational desires which one can eliminate.

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9. Socrates

Socrates is referred to as the founder of western philosophy. His works became known through the account of his students, Plato and Xenophon. He was a Greek philosopher that pioneered the ethical tradition of thought. The western philosophical thoughts were derived from his ideology.

10. Friedrich Nietzsche

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Friedrich Nietzsche is another great German philosopher that impacted the west through his teachings that cut across history, science, art and culture. His idea that everything lacks meaning including life itself made him famous. This would later influence existentialist and surrealist movements — they built on his ideas. Nietzsche lived between 1844 to 1900.

Source: Tribune

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Woman Passes Out After Receiving 100 Strokes Of Cane

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A woman has passed out after she and her partner were each flogged 100 times in public for engaging in sex outside marriage under strict Sharia laws in Indonesia’s Aceh province.

The woman, whose identity was not disclosed, was later carried away after the punishment was carried out in Banda Aceh, located at the northern tip of Sumatra island on Thursday.

A masked official dressed in brown robes administered the caning before members of the public who gathered to witness the punishment.

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Her partner was also seen wincing in pain while receiving the lashes.

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The pair were among several individuals punished for violating Sharia regulations in the province.

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Authorities from the Banda Aceh Sharia Court and the Prosecutor’s Office handed down punishments ranging from 25 to 100 lashes for offences including extramarital sex allegedly arranged through online applications.

Aceh remains the only province in Muslim-majority Indonesia operating under Sharia law, where unmarried couples are prohibited from having sexual relations.

Caning is commonly used in the province as punishment for offences such as gambling, alcohol consumption, same-sex relations and sex outside marriage.

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Under Aceh’s Sharia regulations, child rape offenders face some of the harshest penalties, including up to 200 strokes of the cane, a prison sentence of as long as 200 months or fines equivalent to two kilograms of gold.

The punishments are usually carried out publicly as a way of shaming offenders in addition to inflicting physical pain.

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Such canings are often conducted outside mosques or in open public spaces, with residents watching and taking photographs during the exercise.

Human rights organisations have continued to condemn the practice, arguing that it causes emotional trauma and violates international human rights standards.

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Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have repeatedly criticised the punishments, saying they conflict with Indonesia’s constitution and global legal obligations.

Amnesty said in a statement: “Caning contravenes Indonesia’s constitution and is in clear violation of international human rights law and standards.

‘It constitutes a cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment and can amount to torture in violation of the UN Convention against Torture and other international covenants, to which Indonesia is a State Party.’”

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Despite the criticism, local authorities have defended the punishments as part of Aceh’s religious and cultural identity, insisting they serve as a deterrent against immoral behaviour.

Earlier in January, another couple in the province reportedly received 140 lashes each after being found guilty of drinking alcohol and engaging in sex outside marriage.

(Daily Mail)

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Senegal’s President Sacks Prime Minister After Months-long Feud

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Senegal’s President Bassirou Diomaye Faye has sacked Prime Minister Ousmane Sonko and dissolved the government following months of rising political tension between the two former allies.

The decision was announced in a surprise decree read on national television by a presidential aide, stating that Faye had “ended the duties” of Sonko and “consequently those of the ministers and secretaries of state who are members of the government”.

Sonko, who remains a highly influential figure among Senegal’s youth, responded on social media, saying he would “sleep with a light heart”.

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The political fallout comes at a time of growing economic strain in the country, with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) putting Senegal’s public debt at 132% of its GDP.

His removal followed a tense parliamentary session on Tuesday, where Sonko openly criticised President Faye’s handling of the debt situation.

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The development is striking given that Faye’s rise to power was largely tied to Sonko’s popularity and political backing.

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Sonko would almost certainly have contested the presidency himself in 2024, but was barred from the race due to a defamation conviction. Instead, he threw his support behind Faye, rallying voters with the slogan “Diomaye is Sonko, Sonko is Diomaye”.

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The alliance helped unseat former President Macky Sall in a dramatic electoral victory, despite both men having been released from prison only days before the vote.

Tensions between the two leaders had been building for months, with Faye reportedly accusing Sonko of excessive dominance within the ruling Pastef party, while Sonko accused the president of weak leadership and failing to defend him against critics.

(BBC News)

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Six Nigerians Arrested In Thailand Over AI-Powered Romance Scam

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Six Nigerian nationals have been arrested by the Thailand Police Force for allegedly operating an AI-powered deepfake romance scam syndicate from a luxury condominium along the Chao Phraya River in Nonthaburi Province, following a cocaine trafficking investigation that exposed their activities.

Thai authorities said the operation began after police arrested a Nigerian suspect identified as Patrick and three associates in April over alleged drug trafficking offences. During the raid, officers reportedly seized assets valued at about 2.5 million baht.

Investigators said financial transactions linked to the suspects led them to several foreign nationals living in a high-end riverside condominium near Phra Nangklao Bridge in Nonthaburi. Police discovered that many of the occupants were staying in groups of five or six per apartment under student visas despite not being enrolled in any educational institution or engaged in lawful employment.

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According to Thai police, officers executed search warrants on three condominium units on May 22. The suspects allegedly refused to open their doors, forcing authorities to break into the apartments.

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Videos circulating on X captured the moment police officers forcefully gained entry into one of the apartments before arresting the suspects.

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During the operation, one suspect reportedly attempted to escape by climbing over a balcony, while another was found hiding on the bathroom floor while allegedly sending warning messages to occupants in neighbouring units.

Police recovered 18 mobile phones, three laptop computers and three bank passbooks from the apartments. Authorities said some of the phones were still logged into active conversations with victims at the time of the raid.

Investigators alleged that the syndicate specialised in romance scams targeting older Thai women by using AI-generated faces and manipulated video calls to create fake online identities.

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The suspects allegedly posed as pilots, United States military officers, doctors and engineers to gain the trust of victims before requesting money under false pretences.

Police said the fraudsters typically claimed that valuable packages or gifts sent to victims had been withheld by customs officials and required payment of clearance fees before release.

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Authorities also said they recovered scripts for sexually explicit conversations allegedly used to emotionally manipulate victims into transferring funds. Investigators claimed the group relied heavily on artificial intelligence technology to generate realistic Western faces for fake video interactions.

Thai police said all six suspects are currently facing preliminary charges bordering on illegal association and immigration overstay, while additional fraud and romance scam charges are expected to follow as investigations continue.

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