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Anambra, Lagos, Others Top 2025 Fiscal Performance Rankings, As C’Rivers Dropped from 5th to 30th

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Anambra State has emerged as the best-performing state in Nigeria’s 2025 Fiscal Performance Ranking, according to BudgIT’s State of States Report, released on Tuesday.

Lagos, Kwara, Abia, and Edo followed in the top five, while Cross River suffered a major decline, dropping from fifth in 2024 to 30th in 2025.

Rivers State, a consistent top-five performer in previous years, was excluded from this year’s report due to the state of emergency declared earlier in the year, which prevented the release of audited data.

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In a statement shared on X (formerly Twitter) on Tuesday, BudgIT described this year’s edition—titled “A Decade of Subnational Fiscal Analysis: Growth, Decline and Middling Performance”—as a milestone marking 10 years of tracking fiscal sustainability and governance transparency across Nigeria’s 36 states.

BudgIT highlighted the key movements in the 2025 rankings.

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Anambra State rose from second to first position, securing the title of the best-performing state in the federation, while Lagos maintained its second place for the second consecutive year.

“Kwara climbed from fourth to third, Edo entered the top five after consistently ranking within the top ten over the last four editions, and Abia, which had never previously featured in the top 10, now ranks fourth,” the organisation said.

Other notable movements include Akwa Ibom, which surged 17 places from 27th to 10th, and Zamfara, which moved up nine places from 26th to 17th.

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At the lower end of the rankings, Imo, Kogi, Jigawa, Benue, and Yobe occupy the bottom positions.

The report retained five key metrics to rank all 35 states: Index A – a state’s ability to meet operating expenses using only Internally Generated Revenue (IGR); Index A1 – year-on-year IGR growth; Index B – capacity to cover all expenses and loan obligations using total revenue without borrowing; Index C – debt sustainability based on foreign debt as % of total debt, total debt as % of revenue, debt service as % of revenue, and personnel cost as % of revenue; and Index D – prioritisation of capital expenditure over recurrent spending.

On revenue performance, BudgIT noted major shifts in IGR.

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“While Rivers (121.26%) and Lagos (118.39%) were the only two states with sufficient IGR to cover their operating expenses in 2024, the absence of Rivers from this year’s analysis has reshaped this dynamic.

“Lagos remains a returning champion with 120.87%, while Enugu now leads with an impressive 146.68% IGR-to-operating expense ratio,” the report said.

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Only five states—Abia, Anambra, Kwara, Ogun, and Edo—generated enough IGR to cover at least 50% of their operating expenses, compared with six in 2024. Fourteen states now require more than five times their IGR to cover costs, up from six in 2024, underscoring persistent challenges.

In capital expenditure, Abia led with 77.05% of its total expenditure devoted to capital projects, followed by Anambra, Enugu, Ebonyi, and Taraba, each allocating over 70%.

Overall, 24 states spent at least half of their budgets on capital projects, while Bauchi, Ekiti, Delta, Benue, Oyo, and Ogun devoted more than 60% to personnel and overhead costs.

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Total recurrent revenue for all 35 states grew from N6.6 trillion in 2022 to N8.66 trillion in 2023 and N14.4 trillion in 2024—a 66.28% increase, far surpassing the 28.95% rise between 2022 and 2023.

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Lagos accounted for 13.42% (N1.93 trillion) of total revenue in 2024. Gross FAAC transfers increased by 110.74%, reaching N11.38 trillion, with states like Oyo (785.79%), Delta (708.36%), and Anambra (640.98%) recording over 600% growth between 2015 and 2024. Despite these gains, 28 states relied on FAAC for at least 55% of total revenue.

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Subnational debt also saw a change. Total debt rose modestly from N9.89 trillion in 2023 to N10.57 trillion in 2024, a 6.8% increase. The top five debtor states—Lagos, Kaduna, Edo, Ogun, and Bauchi—accounted for 50.32% of total debt.

Encouragingly, 31 states reduced domestic debt by at least N10 billion, while foreign debt fell by over $200 million.

On long-term trends, BudgIT said, “Over the past decade, the State of States has evolved into Nigeria’s most authoritative subnational fiscal analysis. This 10th edition not only reflects the story of growth and imbalance but also underscores the urgent need for reform.”

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“Fiscal sustainability requires that states look inward, improving revenue systems, cutting waste, and prioritising infrastructure and human development investments that deliver long-term value,” said Vahyala Kwaga, Group Head of Research.

The report also highlighted uneven social spending. In education, only 66.9% of the budgeted N2.41 trillion was spent. Nine states—Edo, Delta, Katsina, Rivers, Yobe, Ekiti, Bayelsa, Bauchi, and Osun—exceeded 80% of their budgeted allocations, with Edo, Delta, and Katsina surpassing 100%. Average per capita spending remained low at N6,981, with no state exceeding N20,000 per capita and only eight states above N10,000.

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In health, the states budgeted N1.32 trillion but expended N816.64 billion, achieving 61.9% implementation. Seven states—Yobe, Gombe, Ekiti, Lagos, Edo, Delta, and Bauchi—spent over 80% of their health budgets, with Yobe leading at 98.2%. Average per capita spending was N3,483, with only a few states exceeding N5,000, highlighting gaps in service delivery relative to education.

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Democracy Under Siege, Opposition Shrinking Ahead 2027, CSO Warns

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The Resource Centre for Human Rights and Civic Education (CHRICED) warned that the defection would shrink opposition and undermine democracy.

Addressing a press conference on the State of the Nation, Executive Director of CHRICED, Dr Ibrahim Zikirullahi, said widespread allegations that some of the defections were influenced by financial inducements signal complicity, not neutrality.

He noted that democracy could not thrive in an atmosphere where corruption is normalised.

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Zikirullahi also expressed concern over the silence of the National Assembly leadership over reports that lawmakers allegedly pay between N1 million and N3 million to present motions or bills in the National Assembly.

According to him, Ndume’s recent claim that aides in the Presidential Villa demand bribes before granting access to President Tinubu further deepens concerns about transparency at the highest level of government.

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Workers Kick Against FG’s Health Insurance Deductions From Salaries

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Workers across the ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs) have come against the Federal Government for skimming off on their salaries for health insurance, saying that the move was questionable and highly unacceptable, especially without notification and dialogue.

They argued that even though health insurance was a welcome development globally and a right for every citizen, especially the worker, it was the duty of the Federal Government to provide health insurance to its workers, just like other employers do.

This came following a circular by the Federal Government, which said deductions made from the October 2025 salaries of civil servants were due to the commencement of statutory contributions to the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS).

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The clarification followed widespread complaints by federal workers over unexplained salary cuts ranging from N1,000 to N2,000.

READ ALSO:Parents Accuse FG Of Neglect As BEA Scholars Go Hungry Abroad

In the circular titled, ‘Implementation of Statutory Deduction for the National Health Insurance Scheme’, the government explained that the mandatory NHIS deductions began in October, leading to the reduction noticed across ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs).

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The Federal Government wishes to inform all federal public servants that the implementation of statutory deduction for the National Health Insurance Scheme has commenced with effect from October 2025.

Some civil servants who spoke with The Guardian described the move as wage theft, arguing that it was only after their salaries had been deducted that the government was now informing them.

A worker and Assistant General Secretary of the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC), Chris Onyeka, said: “Skimming off on workers’ salaries without dialogue is questionable and highly unacceptable. You cannot deduct and then inform. You notify, dialogue, and then deduct. That is the right order.

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“Stating that health insurance for Nigerian workers did not start today, as it has been there for donkey years, even with the NLC represented at the national health insurance agency’s board for decades. However, they said that if it was right, it was not supposed to be contributed by workers but for the workers.”

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He called on the Federal Government to desist and return whatsoever it has deducted from the workers and commit itself to due process as it concerns the welfare of Nigerian workers in all its ramifications.

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According to him, the illegal and arbitrary deductions are definitely not a good development, adding that it is the duty of the Federal Government to provide health insurance to its workers, just like other employers do.

Also, a federal worker and mother of three from one of the MDAs, Mercy Adams, told The Guardian that it surprised her upon seeing close to N2000 deduction, saying it was the duty of the government to provide health insurance coverage for its workers.
However, “the way the government went about it was not fair enough,” she said.

The NHIS is a social health insurance programme aimed at providing financial risk protection and access to quality healthcare for Nigerians.

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In 2022, the Federal Government mandated all employers and employees in the public, private, and informal sectors to obtain health insurance after former President Muhammadu Buhari signed the National Health Insurance Authority Bill, 2021, into law.

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During debate in the National Assembly, the sponsor of the bill and former senator representing Kwara Central (2019–2023), Dr Yahaya Oloriegbe, said the law would establish a “robust, affordable and sustainable financial mechanism for health” and enhance Nigeria’s pursuit of Universal Health Coverage by 2030.

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The government maintains that the NHIS will benefit workers by improving access to affordable and quality healthcare, reducing their out-of-pocket medical expenses.

It added that the scheme already covers about 99 per cent of federal employees.

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VDM, Mr. Jollof Will Face The Law – NCAA

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The Director of Public Affairs and Consumer Protection at the Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA), Michael Achimugu, has said that social media activist Martins Otse, popularly known as Verydarkman (VDM), and comedian Freedom Atsepoyi, widely called Mr. Jollof will face the full strength of the law, after both were captured fighting each other in a viral video.

There was confusion aboard an Abuja-bound aircraft on Monday when VDM and Mr. Jollof engaged in a physical fight, leaving passengers in shock.

The altercation, captured on video and now circulating online, began as a heated exchange before escalating into a full-blown scuffle.

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Cabin crew and frightened passengers hurried to intervene as the two men traded blows inside the packed aircraft.

READ ALSO:NCAA Petitions IGP Over KWAM 1’s Unruly Conduct In Abuja Airport

Reacting to the incident, NCAA director Achimugu said on his official X account that the organisation is awaiting a report from the airline whose aircraft the celebrities fought on, but both men will certainly face the full length of the law.

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He said on X, “I have asked why the airline has not forwarded an incident report, and I am told that they are presently in a management meeting. This is normal, too. Even abroad.

“What I can assure you is this: the NCAA will do its part. Our officers in Asaba have been tasked to find and report the exact actions taken by aviation security, pilots, and other personnel. This may go beyond just the two passengers. How long did it take for security to arrive? How long did the incident last before the pilot called for security, if he did?

“If the passengers were arrested, are they still in detention? If they were released, why? When all of these are decided, appropriate ramifications would be dished out by the relevant agencies.

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“I must note that the NCAA does not have prosecutorial powers. The Authority, as with previous cases, would surely advise the airline to blacklist the passengers and write the AGF and the IGP to prosecute the unruly passengers.”

The NCAA director further stated, “There is no tolerance for unruly behaviour aboard an aircraft. Both individuals will face the full strength of the law. It is even more shameful when one considers both of them partners in educating their millions of followers to avoid unruly behaviour.”

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He stated that the NCAA had invested a significant amount of energy and resources in educating passengers about the dangers of unruly behaviour and its consequences.

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