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Cerebral Palsy: Steps To Prevent Brain Damage In Babies

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Some measures can be taken before and during pregnancy, as well as after childbirth, to reduce the risk of developmental conditions such as cerebral palsy. Research shows that regular intake of folic acid during pregnancy can significantly lower the risk of premature birth by as much as 70 per cent.

In addition, a growing body of evidence supports the use of magnesium sulfate, an inexpensive but effective injection, in preventing cerebral palsy among premature babies.

Researchers at the University of Bristol led a programme, known as the “Prevention of Cerebral Palsy in Preterm Labour (PReCePT)” project, to increase the use of this treatment. Findings from the initiative were published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood.

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Babies born before 34 weeks of pregnancy are classified as premature. The final weeks of pregnancy are critical for the development of vital organs such as the brain, lungs, and liver. As a result, premature infants face a higher risk of long-term health challenges compared to full-term babies. These may include chronic illnesses, asthma, feeding difficulties, and an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Cerebral palsy is a condition caused by abnormal brain development or damage to the developing brain, affecting a child’s ability to control movement and posture. This damage can occur before birth, during delivery, shortly after birth, or within the early years of life while the brain is still developing.

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In the past, lack of oxygen during childbirth was believed to be the main cause of cerebral palsy. However, researchers now understand that this accounts for only a small proportion of cases.

Current evidence shows that administering magnesium sulphate to women at risk of preterm birth can protect babies from brain injury and reduce the risk of cerebral palsy by about one-third. Despite this, the treatment has not always been routinely given to all eligible women in many countries.

The PReCePT programme was first developed in the West of England in 2014 by the West of England Academic Health Science Network (AHSN) in collaboration with University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust.

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It was later piloted in five NHS trusts and evaluated by the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West. Following its success, the programme was expanded nationwide across England through the AHSN Network.

Researchers estimated that in its first year alone, the programme could generate lifetime savings of approximately £3 million for society. This figure accounts for the cost of implementing the programme, treating cerebral palsy over a lifetime, and the health benefits gained from preventing new cases.

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Commenting on the findings, Professor Chris Aimakhu, a consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist at University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, explained that magnesium sulphate works by helping to halt premature labour.

“When a woman goes into labour too early, magnesium sulphate helps stop the contractions,” he said. “It does not directly affect the baby’s brain. Its role is to prevent early delivery, which in turn reduces the risk associated with prematurity.”

Professor Aimakhu noted that premature labour can occur for various reasons, including fibroids during pregnancy, infections such as malaria, or urinary tract infections.

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“Once contractions begin, if they are not stopped, they can lead to the opening of the cervix and early delivery,” he added.

However, he cautioned that magnesium sulphate is not suitable for all pregnant women.

At UCH, Ibadan, we use it, but patients must be carefully selected,” he said. “The drug can have side effects, such as reduced urine output, and toxicity may cause respiratory depression or even arrest.”

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Several factors increase a child’s risk of developing cerebral palsy. These include low birth weight, infections such as chickenpox or rubella during pregnancy, severe jaundice in newborns, complications involving the umbilical cord during birth, and certain maternal medical conditions like thyroid disorders, intellectual disability, or seizures.

Multiple pregnancies, such as twins or triplets, also carry a higher risk, particularly if one baby dies before or shortly after birth. This increased risk is partly linked to the higher likelihood of premature birth and low birth weight in multiple pregnancies.

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Ensuring a healthy pregnancy is key to preventing developmental problems, including cerebral palsy. Recommended steps include maintaining good health before conception, receiving vaccinations against diseases like rubella and chickenpox, and attending early and regular prenatal care appointments.

Women who are at risk of preterm delivery are encouraged to discuss preventive options with their healthcare providers. Studies confirm that administering magnesium sulphate before an anticipated early preterm birth significantly reduces the risk of cerebral palsy among surviving infants.

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Xenophobic Attacks: Oshiomhole Tells FG To Retaliate Against South African Companies In Nigeria

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Senator Adams Oshiomhole has called on the Federal Government to retaliate against South African businesses operating in Nigeria following the recent attacks on Nigerians in South Africa.

Speaking during plenary on Tuesday, Oshiomhole said the Federal Government should consider revoking the working license of South African owned companies such as MTN and DSTV.

He argued that Nigeria must respond firmly to what he described as persistent hostility against its citizens.

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“I am not going to shed tears. If you hit me, I hit you. I think it is appropriate in diplomacy. It is an economic struggle,” Oshiomhole said.

He argued that while some South Africans accuse Nigerians of taking their jobs, Nigerians should return home and take over employment opportunities created by major South African companies operating in the country, including MTN and DSTV.

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When we hit back, the President of South Africa will not only talk but will also go on his knees to recognise that Nigeria cannot be intimidated.

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We will not condone any life being lost. If a crime has been committed under the South African law they have the right to bring any such person to justice, but to kill our people as if we are helpless, we will not allow that,” Oshiomhole added.

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DAILY POST reports that several Nigerians in South Africa have reportedly been attacked, and their businesses destroyed, in ongoing xenophobic attacks in the country.

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IGP Orders Officers Display Name Tag On Uniform, Gives Update On State Police

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The Inspector General of Police, IGP, Tunji Disu, has ordered all police personnel to always have their name tags on their uniforms for easy identification.

Disu disclosed that only police personnel who are undercover are exempted from displaying their name tags.

Speaking on Tuesday, Disu said: “All police officers should have their name tags. All of us on the high table have our names apart from the undercover among us so if you look at all the Commissioners of Police we have our name tags, so it’s not our standard.

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All the Commissioners of Police are here and that is why we called this meeting, we have list of things like this that we will want to discuss with the Commissioners of Police, we have told them earlier and we will still let them know that every that happens within their area of jurisdiction falls under their control.”

On the issue of state police, the IGP said: “Since we got the signal that the Federal Government of Nigeria intend to establish State Police and since we are the federal police, we decided to take the bull by the horn and put down our own side of what we believe on how the state police should be run.

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“A lot of things were taken into consideration, a lot of comparative analysis was done and it has been transmitted to the National Assembly.”

 

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Court Orders SERAP To Pay DSS Operatives N100m For Defamation

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The High Court of the Federal Capital Territory has ordered a non-governmental organization, the Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project, SERAP, to pay N100 million as damaged to two operatives of the Department of the State Services, DSS, for unjustly defaming them in some publications.

The court also ordered SERAP to tender public apologies to the defamed officers,
Sarah John and Gabriel Ogundele, in two national newspapers, two television stations and its website.

Besides, the organization was also ordered to pay the two operatives N1 million as cost of litigation and 10 percent post-judgment interest annually on the judgment sum until it’s fully liquidated.

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Justice Yusuf Halilu of the High Court of the Federal Capital Territory gave the order on Tuesday while delivering judgment in a N5.5 billion defamation suit instituted against SERAP by the DSS operatives.

The judge found SERAP liable for unjustly defaming the two DSS operatives with allegations that they unlawfully invaded its Abuja office, harassed and intimidated its staff, in September 2024.

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In the offending publication on its website and Twitter handle, SERAP alleged that the two operatives unlawfully invaded and occupied its office with sinister motives.

The judge held that the publication was in bad taste especially from an organization established to promote transparency and accountability, as nothing in the publication was found to be truthful.

The DSS staff had listed SERAP as 1st defendant in the suit marked CV/4547/2024. SERAP’s Deputy Director, Kolawole Oluwadare, was listed as the 2nd defendant.

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In the suit, the claimants – Sarah John and Gabriel Ogundele – accused the two defendants of making false claims that they invaded SERAP’s Abuja office on September 9, 2024..

Counsel to the DSS, Oluwagbemileke Samuel Kehinde, had while adopting his final address in the mater urged the judge to grant all the reliefs sought by his client in the interest of justice.

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He admitted that although the names of the two claimants were not mentioned in the defamation materials, they had however established substantial circumstances that they are the ones referred to in the published defamation article by SERAP on its website.

The counsel submitted that all ingredients of defamation have been clearly established and the offending publication referred to the two officials of the secret police.

However, SERAP, through its counsel, Victoria Bassey from Tayo Oyetibo, SAN, law firm, asked the court to dismiss the suit on the ground that the two claimants did not establish that they were the ones referred to in the alleged defamation materials.

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She said that SERAP used “DSS officials” in the alleged offending publication, adding that the two claimants must establish that they are the ones referred to before their case can succeed.

Similar arguments were canvassed by Oluwatosin Adefioye who stood for the second defendant, adding that there was no dispute in the September 9, 2024 operation of DSS in SERAP’s office.

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He said that since SERAP in the publication did not name any particular person, the claimants must plead special circumstances that they were the ones referred to as the DSS officials.

Besides, he said that there is no organization by name Department of State Services in law, hence, DSS cannot claim being defamed adding that the only entity known to law is National Security Agency.

The claimants had in the suit stated that the alleged false claim by SERAP has negatively impacted on their reputation.

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The DSS also stated, in the statement of claim, that, in line with the agency’s practice of engaging with officials of non-governmental organisations operating in the FCT to establish a relationship with their new leadership, it directed the two officials – John and Ogunleye – to visit SERAP’s office and invite them for a familiarization meeting.

The claimants added that in carrying out the directive, John and Ogunleye paid a friendly visit to SERAP’s office at 18 Bamako Street, Wuse Zone 1, Abuja on September 9 and met with one Ruth, who upon being informed about the purpose of the visit, claimed that none of SERAP’s management staff was in the country and advised that a formal letter of invitation be written by the DSS.

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John and Ogundele, who claimed that their interactions with Ruth were recorded, said before they immediately exited SERAP’s office, Ruth promised to inform her organisation’s management about the visit and volunteered a phone number – 08160537202.

They said it was surprising that, shortly after their visit, SERAP posted on its X (Twitter) handle – @SERAPNigeria – that officers of the DSS are presently unlawfully occupying its office.

The claimant added, “On the same day, the defendants also published a statement on SERAP’s website, which was widely reported by several media outfits, falsely alleging that some officers from the DSS, described as “a tall, large, dark-skinned woman” and “a slim, dark skinned man,” invaded their Abuja office and interrogated the staff of the first defendant (SERAP).

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John and Ogundele stated that “due to the false statements published by the defendants, the DSS has been ridiculed and criticised by international agencies such as the Amnesty International and prominent members of the Nigerian society, such as Femi Falana (SAN)”.

“Due to the false statements published by the defendants, members of the public and the international community formed the opinion that the Federal Government is using the DSS to harass the defendants.”

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They added that the defendants’ statements caused harm to their reputation because the staff and management of the DSS have formed the opinion that the claimants did not follow orders and carried out an unsanctioned operation and are therefore, incompetent and unprofessional.

The claimants therefore prayed the court for the following reliefs: “An order directing the defendants to tender an apology to the claimants via the first defendant’s (SERAP’s) website, X (twitter) handle, two national daily newspapers (Punch and Vanguard) and two national news television stations (Arise Television and Channels Television) for falsely accusing the claimants of unlawfully invading the first defendant’s office and interrogating the first defendant’s staff.

“An order directing the defendants to pay the claimants the sum of N5 billion as damages for the libellous statements published about the claimants.

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“Interest on the sum of N5b at the rate of 10 percent per annum from the date of judgment until the judgment sum is realised or liquidated.

“An order directing the defendants to pay the claimants the sum of N50 million as costs of this action.”

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