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EXPLAINER: What Lagos Residents Need To Know Before March 31 Tax Return Deadline

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With the March 31 deadline for filing individual annual tax returns approaching, the Lagos State Internal Revenue Service (LIRS) has clarified who must file, what documents are required, and the penalties for non-compliance.

Contents

What Is an Individual Annual Tax Return?
Is Filing Tax Returns Mandatory?
What Is the Deadline?
What Are the Penalties for Not Filing?
Do Employees Who Pay PAYE Still Need to File?
What If You Earned Little or No Income?
What Should First-Time Filers Do?
Do Freelancers and Content Creators Need to File?
What About Retirees or People Who Changed Jobs?
Does Filing Mean You Will Pay More Tax?
Is There a Cost for Filing?
What If You Make a Mistake While Filing?
How to Avoid Tax Scams
Why Tax Compliance Matters

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In a recent interview, the Director of Tax Audit at LIRS, Foluso Mustapha, explained that many taxpayers misunderstand the process—especially employees whose taxes are already deducted through Pay-As-You-Earn (PAYE).

Here is a breakdown of the key issues taxpayers in Lagos should understand.

What Is an Individual Annual Tax Return?

An individual annual tax return is a formal declaration submitted to the tax authority showing all income earned in the previous year, along with deductions and tax reliefs claimed.

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According to LIRS, the requirement applies to all taxable residents of Lagos State.

This includes:

Salaried employees

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Business owners

Freelancers and gig workers

Individuals with multiple sources of income

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Mustapha explained that the return allows the tax authority to determine a taxpayer’s accurate tax position.

An individual tax return is a formal declaration expected to disclose all income, deductions, and reliefs applicable to the taxpayer for the preceding year,” he said.

Is Filing Tax Returns Mandatory?

Yes. Filing an annual tax return is a legal requirement for all taxable residents in Lagos State.

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Even Lagos residents who do not owe additional tax must still submit their returns.

READ ALSO:Tax: Enugu Hits N406bn IGR In One Year, Projects N870bn In 2026

Filing is not optional. It is a statutory obligation imposed on every taxable individual resident in Lagos State,” Mustapha said.

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When Is the Deadline?

The deadline for filing individual tax returns is March 31 every year.

Returns filed after the deadline may attract financial penalties.

What Are the Penalties for Not Filing?

Failure to file tax returns can attract significant penalties:

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₦100,000 for the first month of default

₦50,000 for each additional month of delay

In severe cases, LIRS may invoke a legal recovery measure known as “power of substitution.”

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This allows the tax authority to recover unpaid taxes through third parties holding funds on behalf of the taxpayer, such as:

Banks

Business partners

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Tenants paying rent

Mustapha noted that this measure is only applied after tax liability has been properly established and the taxpayer fails to comply.

Do Employees Who Pay PAYE Still Need to File?

Yes.

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Although employers deduct taxes under the Pay-As-You-Earn (PAYE) system, employees must still file their annual tax returns.

LIRS explains that PAYE deductions are advance tax payments, not a replacement for filing.

Employees are expected to declare other income sources such as:

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Rental income

Investments

Side businesses or freelance work

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“PAYE is a withholding mechanism and not a substitute for filing obligations,” Mustapha said.

What If You Earned Little or No Income?

Taxpayers who earned little or no income during the year are still required to file.

In such cases, they can submit what is known as a “nil return,” indicating that no tax is payable.

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Documents Required for Filing

To complete their tax returns, individuals are advised to prepare the following documents:

READ ALSO:Why Nigeria’s New Tax Law May Not Succeed – CPPE

Salary or payroll records

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Bank statements

Financial statements (for business owners)

Rent receipts

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Investment income records

Evidence of deductible expenses

These documents help determine the taxpayer’s correct tax liability.

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What Should First-Time Filers Do?

First-time taxpayers must:

Obtain a Tax Identification Number (TIN)

Gather records of income earned during the year

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Identify deductible expenses

Complete the tax return form on the LIRS portal

The process applies to employees, freelancers, business owners, and gig workers.

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Do Freelancers and Content Creators Need to File?

Yes.

LIRS says income earned through digital platforms or independent work must also be declared.

This includes income from:

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Freelance services

Online businesses

Brand partnerships

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Digital platforms and content creation

What About Retirees or People Who Changed Jobs?

Retirees are not automatically exempt.

While pension income may be tax-free, retirees must still declare income from other sources such as:

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Rental property

Investments

Business activities

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Individuals who changed jobs within the year must also file returns to reconcile income received from multiple employers.

READ ALSO:How To Calculate Your Taxable Income

Does Filing Mean You Will Pay More Tax?

Not necessarily.

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According to LIRS, filing a tax return simply determines a taxpayer’s actual tax position.

Filing a return does not create new tax. It simply establishes your correct tax position based on income actually earned,” Mustapha explained.

Is There a Cost for Filing?

No.

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Submitting annual tax returns to LIRS is free of charge, and taxpayers can complete the process online through the tax portal.

What If You Make a Mistake While Filing?

Taxpayers who discover errors after submitting their returns can correct them by filing an amended return or voluntarily disclosing the mistake.

How to Avoid Tax Scams
LIRS also warned residents to be cautious of individuals impersonating tax officials.

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Taxpayers should avoid making payments through unofficial channels or sharing sensitive information with unverified individuals.

Suspicious messages or requests should be reported through official LIRS channels.

Why Tax Compliance Matters
Mustapha emphasised that taxes remain a major source of funding for development in Lagos State.

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According to him, tax revenues support infrastructure projects, healthcare services, education, and transportation across the state.

Tax compliance is not merely an administrative function; it is the financial lifeblood of Lagos State,” he said.

He added that voluntary compliance enables the government to expand public services and improve the quality of life for residents.
(TRIBUNE)

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Otuaro: Baseless Allegations, Disregard Them, Group Urges Public

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The Ijaw People’s Development Initiative, IPDI has reacted to a statement circulating online regarding the Presidential Amnesty Programme (PAP), describing it as baseless.

The statement under the disguise ‘Niger Delta Stakeholders Forum and Niger Delta Ethnic Nationalities,’ had demanded accountability regarding the management of the Programme and its administrator, Dr Dennis Otuaro.

Reacting to the statement, National President, IPDI, Comrade Austin Ozobo, said: “We consider it necessary to respond point by point to correct misconceptions, reject unsubstantiated claims, and keep the record straight in the interest of PAP beneficiaries, stakeholders, and the general public.

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“It is worthy of note that the PAP operates under strict federal financial regulations and is subject to routine audits by the Office of the Auditor-General of the Federation, the Ministry of Finance, and other oversight bodies.

“All disbursements, including stipends, vocational training, education support, and third-party contracts, are processed through the Treasury Single Account, TSA, with verifiable records”, the statement read.

READ ALSO:PAP Sends Additional 15 Scholarship Beneficiaries For Post-Graduate Studies In UK

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According to the IPDI, the Programme welcomes lawful criticism and scrutiny at any time. However, linking such a call to specific individuals without evidence amounts to trial by the media and undermines due process.

Dr Dennis Otuaro, administrator of the Presidential Amnesty Programme has maintained a good record of financial management, hence no formal petition with verifiable evidence has been submitted to any anti-graft agency till date”.

“It may interest you to know that the N65,000 monthly stipend is fixed by the Appropriation Act and can only be reviewed through a budgetary process approved by the National Assembly and the Presidency.

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‘The PAP management has consistently conveyed beneficiaries’ concerns on cost of living to relevant authorities”.

“Again, claims that allocations to the Programme have risen significantly while stipends remain unchanged misrepresents the budget structure.

READ ALSO:PAP: N’Delta Stakeholders Laud Otuaro’s 2 Years Of Strategic Reforms

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“Note, increased allocations in recent years have been tied to expanded reintegration programs, education sponsorships, skills acquisition, and infrastructure support for training centers, not solely to stipend payments”.

The group reiterated that the allegation that the Amnesty Programme Office “kidnaps and detains delegates” is false, reckless, and defamatory, adding that the PAP has no paramilitary or law enforcement mandate, nor does it operate detention facilities and that any incident involving law enforcement is outside the control and purview of the Programme.

“We challenge the authors to provide verifiable details of time, place, and persons involved so the matter can be addressed through appropriate legal channels,” the group said

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On Claims of Selective Empowerment and 500% Payment Increases, the group maintained that payments to contractors, ex-agitator leaders, and service providers were governed by existing contracts and agreements predating the current administration.

“No individual or camp has received unilateral increases without contractual basis or due process. Allegations of 500% increases are unsubstantiated and designed to stoke division among beneficiaries,” it added.

READ ALSO:Otuaro Links Increase In PAP Scholarship Beneficiaries To Tinubu

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The current administration has maintained a policy of transparency in engagement with leaders and has expanded inclusion by verifying and capturing previously omitted beneficiaries where due“, IPDI added.

The group further said, “The PAP remains a neutral, peace-building institution established under the 2009 Amnesty Declaration. Its mandate is to coordinate disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration. The Office does not engage in political victimization, intimidation, or exclusion of stakeholders. Engagement with ex-agitator leaders and community structures is conducted based on their role in maintaining peace and facilitating reintegration, not political alignment”.

“The PAP under Chief Denis Otuaro’s leadership remains committed to transparency, fairness, and the original mandate of the Amnesty Programme. Constructive criticism is welcome and has informed policy adjustments in the past. However, campaigns of calumny, unverified allegations, and attempts to drag the Programme into commercial or political disputes do not serve the interest of peace in the Niger Delta”, IPDI said.

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“We urge all stakeholders to channel grievances through the established engagement channels of the Programme and to avoid statements that threaten the fragile stability we have worked to sustain”.

Consequently, the IPDI urges members of the public to disregard what its described as “flimsy and unsubstantiated allegations, misconception, and missives by faceless groups above“.

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[OPINION] Olukoyede’s EFCC: Taming The ‘Fantastically-Corrupt’

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Since its creation 23 years ago, by Chief Olusegun Obasanjo, as president of Nigeria, Africa’s most populous and influential country, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), had apparently not gotten a head, who had piloted the affairs of the commission, like Mr. Olanipekun Olukoyede, its Executive Chairman, a chief-operations-officer of the Commission.

It could be said that Olukoyede, the Czar thief catcher and arrestor of economic saboteurs, has given the EFCC’s enemies such a tough time as he has taking the anti-graft fight to the doorsteps of the high-profile individuals across the country. These range from former state governors, serving and former ministers, retired and serving civil servants, businessmen, clergies, traditional rulers, cyber-influencer, entertainers, professionals and numerous others.

Olukoyede brings years of experience in law, fraud management, and business intelligence to bear on the position. Before him, Mallam Nuhu Ribadu was EFCC’s inaugural chair; succeeded by the first and only female, Mrs. Farida Waziri; Ibrahim Lamorde, Ibrahim Magu, and Abdul Rasheed Bawa.

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The anti-graft agency has its hands full with massive financial fraud and money laundering cases. In the clause of “physicians, look at thyself”, EFCC in its resolve is known to have been flushing out officers within the body, who run foul to the law.

In the past, before Olukoyede’s appointment, it was widely believed that it was only the “fries and not the big fishes”, who the Commission could summon the courage to prosecute; and that most culprits were also left from the hook, because of compromise by some corrupt officers of the Commission, and feeble litigation processes.

Mr. Godwin Emefiele, former Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), happened to have opened to Olukoyede’s a deluge of “big-men and women”, who have been arrested, investigated and cooling their feet in detention or those bailed, that are facing severe court trials. There is the biggest 19-count charge at the Ikeja Special Offences Court, involving an alleged $4.5 billion fraud.
Immediate-paste governor of Kogi State, Yahaya Bello, faces two massive, but separate legal battles totalling over N190 billion on fraud allegation. EFCC secured from the Court of Appeal, forfeiture of 14 properties and huge money linked to him.

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Abubakar Malami (former Attorney-General of the Federation), with his son, Abdulaziz and his wife, is currently charged on a-16-count of money laundering. The court has stayed interim forfeiture of 57 properties valued at over N213 billion.

MORE FROM THE AUTHOR:OPINION: Contesting The Portable Vs Carter Efe’s Cruel Ring-fight

EFCC had also secured the arrest of Sadiya Umar-Farouq, a female former Minister of Humanitarian Affairs, and a former Permanent Secretary, through a Federal High Court, on a 21-point alleged fraud and corruption charge, involving $1.3 million and N746.6m and others amounting to 37.1 billion.

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Uju Kennedy-Ohanenye, also female and former Minister of Women Affairs, was removed from office by President Bola Tinubu, over alleged misappropriation and diversion of N138.4 million, and had been under EFCC questioning.

A recent discovery, which startled Nigerians and the world, the Commission (EFCC) had reportedly arrested a serving Director-General of the Energy Commission of Nigeria, Dr. Mustapha Abdullahi, over alleged money laundering involving about ₦500 billion.

Somewhat, this had deflated the claim that those arrested and persecuted are political opponents and not serving officers of the Tinubu’s government.

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EFCC is a “Nigerian law enforcement and anti-graft agency that investigates financial crimes, such as advance fee fraud (419 Fraud) and money laundering. It was also set up to fight against corruption and to protect the country from economic saboteurs”.

The Commission, whilst responding to pressures from the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF), that named Nigeria as one of 23 countries not cooperating in the international community’s efforts to fight money laundering, had revved in performance, in a bid to roll back the blights.

And so, it is a strenuous goal for EFCC, as entrenched in the ‘EFCC Establishment Act 2004’, which gives it specialist jurisdiction against severe financial and commercial crime – covering multiple high and lower levels.

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MORE FROM THE AUTHOR:OPINION: Tenebe Could Deprive Tinubu From Winning Edo Election

Born on 14 October 1969, Olukoyede, a civil servant, has had a clear break from past, where past executive chairmen of the Commission had left the Commission, where all serving officers were drafted from the Nigerian Police Force (NPF). However, President Bola Ahmed Tinubu is widely commended for Olukoyede’s appointment to the position, with the Senate also eulogized for screening him.

Whilst briefing the Press in Abuja, on his two-year activities in office, on October 23, 2025, the Commission’s boss certainly made unprecedented progress in the fight against economic and financial crimes. He spoke through the Director of Public Affairs of the Commission, Wilson Uwujaren, as he listed the recovery of N566 billion, alongside other currencies and assets, among the achievements of the Commission.

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He further revealed that the Commission received over 19,000 petitions, conducted 29,240 investigations, filed 10,525 cases in court, and secured 7,503 convictions.

Olukoyede asserted that the Commission recovered ₦566,319,820,343.40, $411,566,192.32, £71,306.25, €182,877.10, and other foreign currencies from proceeds of financial and economic crimes. Added to this was the recovery of 1,502 non-monetary assets, comprising 402 properties in 2023, 975 in 2024, and 125 so far in 2025.

“Among these recovered assets are two notable landmarks: the final forfeiture of 753 units of duplexes in Lokogoma, Abuja, and the forfeiture of Nok University, now the Federal University of Applied Sciences, Kachia, Kaduna State,” he said.

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He listed several high-profile cases prosecuted within the period, including those involving former governors Willie Obiano, Abdulfatah Ahmed, Darius Ishaku, Theodore Orji, and Yahaya Bello. Others are former ministers Olu Agunloye, Mamman Saleh, Hadi Sirika, Charles Ugwu, and former Central Bank Governor, Godwin Emefiele.

EFCC was also said to have reentered and invigorated some longstanding fraud cases, such as ones linking Fred Ajudua, former People Democratic Party, PDP National Chairman Haliru Bello Mohammed, ex-National Security Adviser Sambo Dasuki, and former Nigerian Social Insurance Trust Fund, NSITF boss, Ngozi Olojeme.

MORE FROM THE AUTHOR:OPINION: The Rough Games Arewa Bourgeoisies Play With The Talakawas

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The EFCC said it arrested 792 suspects involved in asset and cryptocurrency frauds in Lagos, among who were 192 foreigners who were prosecuted and deported.

A Task Force on Naira Abuse and Dollarisation of the Economy was established by EFCC, which accordingly, had notable impacts in sanitizing money actions countrywide. “The campaign against naira abuse, racketeering, and speculative currency trading has helped reduce pressure on the naira and complemented the Central Bank’s efforts in stabilizing the economy,” he said.

Olukoyede also spoke on the Commission’s strengthened partnerships with foreign law enforcement agencies, including the Korean Police, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Spanish Police, and German Police.

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He also mention benefitting synergy with the FBI, the UK’s National Crime Agency (NCA), INTERPOL, and Japan’s JICA, in subsequent joint investigations and the repatriation of stolen assets to victims from Spain, Canada, and the United States.

Strengthening EFFC’s mandate at the regional level, and in Africa, Olukoyede and the Commission are said to be up and doing. For instance, a thing that had never happened to EFFC, he had been twice elected as President of the Network of National Anti-Corruption Institutions in West Africa (NACIWA), which led to the founding of a permanent secretariat in Abuja.

A strong media presence is needed to successfully inform the public of the ideals of EFCC and its update activities. And so, ‘EFCC Radio 97.3FM’, Nigeria’s first anti-corruption radio station, was established Olukoyede. EFCC should count itself very lucky for having in its fold, tested, diligent and veteran journalists who are ostensibly seasoned in the ideals and watchdog principles of the Commission.

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APC Primaries: Johnny Rallies Support For Senator Thomas’ Re-election Bid

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A chieftain of the All Progressives Congress in Delta State, Chief Michael Johnny, has called on Delta South Senatorial District’s party faithful to come out in large tomorrow and vote for Senator Joel-Onowakpo Thomas (JOT) in the party senatorial primary election.

Johnny, widely regarded as a leader par excellence within the APC, described the primary election as a critical moment that will determine the political stability, unity, and future direction of Delta South.

According to him, Delta South needs a detribalized leader with the capacity to unite people beyond ethnic sentiments and political divisions.

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He warned against leaders whose style of politics promotes ethnic division and unnecessary tension within the region.

READ ALSO:Violence Rocks APC Reps Primary In Ekiti Ward, Exercise Declared Inconclusive

Chief Johnny stated that Senator Thomas has continued to distinguish himself as a leader who carries everyone along, irrespective of tribe, political background, or local government affiliation.

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He noted that JOT’s leadership style has strengthened cooperation, peace, fairness, and political inclusion across Delta South.

Speaking further, Chief Johnny declared that the Ijaw people have resolved to stand firmly behind Thomas because fairness, justice, and political balance must prevail in Delta South.

As Ijaw people, we have decided to support Senator Joel because this is the turn of the Isoko nation, and Ijaw stands for truth. That is our position,” he stated.

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READ ALSO:APC Clears Wike Loyalists, Disqualifies All Fubara-aligned Aspirants For State Assembly

He also appreciated what he described as “genuine Itsekiri sons and daughters” who believe in fairness, equity, and peaceful coexistence, adding that Delta South can only move forward when the various ethnic nationalities work together in unity and mutual respect.

Chief Johnny maintained that the senatorial district must not be dragged backward by divisive politics or ethnic interests capable of weakening the collective strength of the region.

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He stressed that all APC members in Delta South must remain united in their support for Senator Joel-Onowakpo Thomas.

Delta South is bigger than personal interests. This election is about unity, stability, fairness, and the future of our people. Senator JOT represents continuity, experience, and inclusive leadership for all ethnic groups in Delta South,” Chief Johnny added.

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