Headline
Iran Election: Five Things To Know

Middle East powerhouse Iran votes on Friday in a snap election to replace President Ebrahim Raisi following his death in a helicopter crash last month.
Here are five facts about the Shiite Muslim country of 85 million people known as the Islamic Republic of Iran.
From Shah to mullahs
Formerly the ancient empire of Persia, Iran was dominated during part of the 20th century by the Pahlavi dynasty.
Shah Mohammad Reza, accused of authoritarianism and criticised for his modernist reforms, fled in 1979 after months of protests.
His main opponent, Shiite cleric Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, returned from exile and immediately established an Islamic republic, one of the few that exist in the world.
The authority lies with its supreme leader, who since 1989 has been Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, successor to Khomeini.
The supreme leader’s power is greater than that of the president, who is elected by universal suffrage.
The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps was set up as the ideological defenders of the Islamic Republic after the 1979 revolution.
READ ALSO: Nigerian Army Deploys 177 Personnel To Guinea-Bissau For Peacekeeping
Veil of contention
Since 1979, Tehran has imposed a strict Islamic code on women, officially to protect them. In public, they are obliged to wear loose clothing and a hijab — a veil covering their hair and neck.
Respect for the veil is required of all Iranians and foreigners, while morality police patrol the streets to ensure compliance.
In September 2022, massive protests broke out across the country after Masha Amini, a 22-year-old Iranian Kurd, died following her arrest by the morality police in Tehran for allegedly breaching the strict dress code.
Hundreds of people were killed and thousands were arrested in the protests.
Iran, which topped the table for the most recorded death penalties in 2023, has executed nine men in cases related to the protests, according to Amnesty International.
READ ALSO: Iran President Had ‘Lot Of Blood On His Hands’ – White House
Iran and Israel: arch-enemies
Under Raisi, Iran sought improved relations with China and Russia while mending ties with Arab neighbours, mainly its major regional rival Saudi Arabia, to avert deeper isolation.
But its relations with Israel remain particularly fraught and have only grown more tense since Iran-backed Palestinian militant group Hamas launched the October 7 attack on Israel that started the bloodiest-ever Gaza war.
Iran is officially committed to the destruction of what it calls the “Zionist entity”, and in April for the first time launched a direct attack against Israel involving hundreds of missiles and drones, most of which were intercepted.
Nuclear fallout
In 2015, Iran reached a landmark agreement with major powers to accept limits on its nuclear programme in exchange for easing sanctions.
But the United States, under then-president Donald Trump, withdrew from the hard-won deal in 2018 and reimposed sanctions.
READ ALSO: Iran Gets Interim President After Raisi’s Death
Iran responded by rolling back most of its commitments.
According to the International Atomic Energy Agency, Iran is the only non-nuclear weapon state to enrich uranium to the high level of 60 per cent — just short of weapons-grade — while it keeps accumulating large uranium stockpiles.
The IAEA has said that Tehran now has enough material to build several atomic bombs.
Filmmakers: prized and jailed
Iran’s cinema is unparalleled in the region, with modern masters including the late Abbas Kiarostami and Asghar Farhadi, a two-time Oscar winner.
But working in film in Iran today can be risky for those who speak out against the authorities.
Several prominent directors have been arrested or jailed, including Jafar Panahi and Mohammad Rasoulof, who was in the spotlight at this year’s Cannes festival after he fled Iran to escape a jail sentence.
He is now living in exile in Europe.
AFP
Headline
Africa Coups: 10 In Five Years

A military coup attempt in Benin Sunday adds to a list of such incidents on the turbulent African continent.
A group of soldiers announced that they had ousted President Patrice Talon, although his entourage said he was safe and the army was regaining control.
Here is a recap of the 10 successful coups in Africa in the last five years:
Mali
Malian President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita is overthrown by five army colonels in August 2020.
In May 2021, the Malian military takes over from the civilian leaders of an interim government.
Colonel Assimi Goita, who led both coups, is sworn in as transitional president.
After promising to hold elections in February 2024, the military puts them off indefinitely, pointing to the jihadist violence plaguing the country.
READ ALSO:Guinea-Bissau Military Takeover Is ‘Ceremonial Coup’ – Jonathan
In July 2025, Goita approves a law granting himself a five-year presidential mandate, renewable without election.
In September jihadists launch a fuel blockade, weakening the ruling junta.
Guinea
On September 5, 2021, mutinous troops led by lieutenant-colonel Mamady Doumbouya take over in Guinea, arresting President Alpha Conde.
Doumbouya in early November 2025 submits his candidacy ahead of December 28 elections that are meant to restore constitutional order.
Sudan
After weeks of tension between the military and civilian leaders who had shared power since the ousting of dictator Omar al-Bashir, the armed forces led by army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan stage a new coup on October 25, 2021.
Since April 2023 war has raged between the regular armed forces led by Burhan and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces, led by his former deputy Mohammed Hamdan Daglo.
READ ALSO:Guinea-Bissau Coup: FG Gives Update On Ex-President Jonathan
The conflict has so far killed tens of thousands of people and created one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises.
Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso underwent two military coups in 2022.
In January that year mutinous soldiers led by Lieutenant-Colonel Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba arrest President Roch Marc Christian Kabore.
Then in September army officers announce they have dismissed Damiba. Captain Ibrahim Traore becomes transitional president, but elections he promised do not materialise. In May 2024 the junta authorises him to stay for another five years in a country wracked by Islamist violence.
Niger
On July 26, 2023, members of the presidential guard overthrow Niger’s President Mohamed Bazoum, elected in 2021. General Abdourahamane Tiani, head of the presidential guard, takes over.
In March 2025, the junta extends by at least five years its transitional leadership of the country which is plagued by jihadist violence.
READ ALSO:Coup In Guinea-Bissau? Soldiers Deployed Near Presidential Palace After Gunfire
Gabon
In Gabon, ruled for 55 years by the Bongo family, army officers on August 30, 2023 overthrow President Ali Bongo Ondimba, less than an hour after he is declared winner of an election the opposition says was fraudulent.
General Brice Oligui Nguema is named transitional president.
In April 2025 he is elected president with 94.85 percent of the vote. He is sworn in on the basis of a new constitution approved by referendum during the transition.
Madagascar
In October 2025, the military ousts Madagascar’s president Andry Rajoelina and takes power following weeks of “Gen Z” anti-government protests.
Army colonel Michael Randrianirina is sworn in as Madagascar’s new president, promising elections within 18 to 24 months.
Guinea-Bissau
In November 2025, military officers in Guinea-Bissau declare they have “total control” of the coup-prone west African country, closing its borders and suspending its electoral process three days after general elections.
The military says a command “composed of all branches of the armed forces” is taking over the leadership of the country “until further notice”.
Headline
Benin Republic Presidency Breaks Silence On ‘Military Takeover’

Benin Republic military
Military personnel in Benin on Sunday said they had ousted President Patrice Talon, but the Presidency said he was safe and the army was regaining control.
Talon, 67, a former businessman known as the “cotton king of Cotonou,” is due to hand over power in April next year after 10 years in office marked by strong economic growth and rising jihadist violence.
West Africa has seen several coups in recent years, including in Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, Guinea, and most recently Guinea-Bissau.
Early on Sunday, soldiers calling themselves the “Military Committee for Refoundation” (CMR) said on state television that they had met and decided that “Mr Patrice Talon is removed from office as president of the republic.”
READ ALSO:Guinea-Bissau Military Takeover Is ‘Ceremonial Coup’ – Jonathan
The signal was cut later in the morning.
Shortly after the announcement, a source close to Talon told AFP the president was safe.
“This is a small group of people who only control the television. The regular army is regaining control. The city (Cotonou) and the country are completely secure,” they said.
“It’s just a matter of time before everything returns to normal. The clean-up is progressing well.”
A military source confirmed the situation was “under control” and said the coup plotters had not taken Talon’s residence or the presidential offices.
READ ALSO:Coup: ECOWAS Suspends Guinea-Bissau
The French Embassy reported on X that “gunfire was reported at Camp Guezo” near the president’s official residence in the economic capital and urged French citizens to remain indoors.
Benin has a history of coups and attempted coups.
Talon, who came to power in 2016, is due to end his second term in 2026, the constitutional maximum.
The main opposition party has been excluded from the race to succeed him, leaving the ruling party to compete against a so-called “moderate” opposition.
Talon has been praised for driving economic development but is often accused of authoritarianism.
(AFP)
Headline
JUST IN: Soldiers Announce Military Takeover Of Govt In Benin Republic

A group of soldiers appeared on Benin’s state television on Sunday to announce the dissolution of the government in what is being described as an apparent coup, marking yet another power seizure in West Africa.
Identifying themselves as the Military Committee for Refoundation, the soldiers declared the removal of the president and all state institutions.
READ ALSO:Guinea-Bissau Military Takeover Is ‘Ceremonial Coup’ – Jonathan
President Patrice Talon, who has been in office since 2016, was scheduled to leave office next April after the presidential election. His party’s preferred candidate, former Finance Minister Romuald Wadagni, had been widely viewed as the frontrunner. Opposition candidate Renaud Agbodjo was disqualified by the electoral commission on the grounds that he did not have “sufficient sponsors.”
The takeover comes a month after Benin’s legislature extended the presidential term from five to seven years while retaining the two-term limit.
(AFP)
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