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OPINION: FG’s N90 Billion Hajj Politics

Published

1 year ago

April 1, 2024

Editor

By Lasisi Olagunju

From Lagos, one Ayinde Salihu wrote to the Sardauna of Sokoto and Premier of the Northern Region, Alhaji Ahmadu Bello, on 19 January, 1964, describing the premier as the “Prophet of Nigeria.” The man wanted the Sardauna to take him to Mecca for Hajj. Buliyaminu Oladiti Fadairo wrote from Ibadan on 21 January, 1964, saluting the Sardauna as “Nigerian Holiest Father.” It was his way of massaging the big man’s ego so that he would make him a pilgrim in that year’s Hajj. Same day from Kabba, Aruna Agbana wrote begging the Sardauna to sponsor his pilgrimage to Mecca “in the name of Allah and Annabi Muhammadu, the Holy Prophet…and in the name of Usman Dan Fodio…” The Sardauna had a standard response for all of them: “Pilgrimage is not obligatory if one has no means…” American professor of history, Mathew M. Heaton, has all the above in his ‘Ahmadu Bello and the Politics of Pilgrimage’. It is a chapter in his book on ‘Decolonising the Hajj’ published in 2023.

What the Sardauna said about pilgrimage not being “obligatory if one has no means” is the correct injunction prescribed in Islam. But, the injunction might be canonically true in 1964, it is no longer so today. Never mind that John Bunyan in ‘Pilgrim’s Progress’ says “what God says is best, is best though all the men in the world are against it.” The poet just wasted words. There are egregious carts everywhere today for the pilgrim to ride in short-circuiting faith and its precepts. They say the times determine what law to keep. They say that at every point in time, what the world carries is the child the times birth for it.

The way we fart while pricing irú (locust beans) is not the way we should fart while buying salt. But now, there are no limits to misbehaviour. Everywhere stinks. We shit in holy places and receive effusive thank you from the guardian priests. If he were alive, the powerful Sardauna would not have resisted the pressure to pay today – and remain relevant. A multitude of Nigerians (Muslim and Christian) desire the bliss of paradise which may be in holy pilgrimages but everyone wants someone else to pay for it. And they get it. ‘FG bows to pressure, approves N90 billion subsidy for Hajj fares’ was how The Guardian headlined its report on a payment of subsidy for Hajj. I read it in other papers also. The payment is unprecedented in the hugeness of the figure. And the government has not said the media lied. Hajj is an obligation which applies under clearly stated conditions – these include financial and physical capability. But now, every year, pressure, threats, and blackmail are rained on presidents and governors to sponsor pilgrims. And they cave in to do what is wrong. They forget that they were elected to say no to irregularities; that sometimes, resistance may be politically inexpedient and tough, but in resisting wrong lies victory. “Dark clouds bring waters, when bright bring none” – Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress again. Robbing the Peter of millions of Nigerians to foot the bill of elitist Paul is a mark of the beast. But it is the new normal. Governments sponsor thousands to Mecca and Jerusalem in exchange for political support.

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I call the Nigerian elite culture which allowed this payment an ‘Aj’ìfà’ culture. Aj’ìfà is that person who grows fat reaping big where he sows little – or reaps without sowing at all. Someone else said elsewhere that Nigeria is an “Aj’òfé society.” That somebody is Ladun Anise, late professor of political science, who explains in a 1979 journal article that the word Aj’òfé is a Yoruba word meaning ‘free-loader’ or ‘parasite.’” I nodded as I read his further explanation that “an aj’òfe society carries a parasitic culture; builds its expectations on what the government can and must do (for them) with no sense of individual or group responsibility…It is a culture in which people are determined to turn constrained privileges into fundamental constitutional rights or even the precepts of natural law.” I understand that some of the intending pilgrims are threatening to pull out of this year’s hajj unless the government pays the balance of N1.9 million for them. The country is a fallen elephant before a pack of cleavers.

We married a wife in the month of famine and in that same month of lack, she decided to use pounded yam to build a house. What name would you give that kind of wife? What baby would the woman birth, and what will the name be? The question is elegantly answered in the original Yoruba version of that proverb: Ìyàwó tí a fé l’ósù agà tí n fi’yán mo’lé, yóò-báa-níbè lorúko omo rè yóo máa jé. ‘Yo-ba-nibe’ (e go meet am there), the reserved name for the expected product of the conjugal error, forebodes tragic delivery. I thought our husbands said the country was broke and all subsidies should go -and was gone. Now we know they lied. The Federal Government that said no to what benefitted 200 million Nigerians last May has released N90 billion to subsidise the purse of about 50,000 persons (or of their rich sponsors) so that they could make a personal religious journey to Saudi Arabia. It is a subsidy for politics.

What you value is what you invest your riches in. A wealthy man with a million slaves dies, but in his wardrobe is found one lone dress (Oun tó ndun ni níí pò l’órò eni. Ológún erú kú, aso o rè kù ìkan soso). That is my people’s proverb for otherwise wise men with deliberately misplaced priorities. We’ve always known that politics pays better than education in Nigeria. The N90 billion Hajj subsidy is higher than the combined 2024 budgets of the University of Ibadan (N23.4billion), Obafemi Awolowo University (N17.1 billion), Ahmadu Bello University (N29.2 billion) and the University of Lagos (N19.4billion). So, what is the matter prioritized here? The government did not spend that money for religion. It was for politics and the need to avoid the political consequences of hurting Nigeria’s powerful entrepreneurs of pilgrimage.

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The Obafemi Awolowo government of the old Western Region set up Nigeria’s first Pilgrims Welfare Board vide Western Regional Gazette No. 39, vol. 7 of 5th June, 1958. The board’s existence was dictated by the need to attend to issues of welfare of hajj pilgrims from Western Nigeria. The northern region followed that example seven years later in 1965. Both boards were restricted by law to collecting Hajj fares from intending pilgrims, arranging passports for them, helping intending pilgrims to get visas and other consular interventions, assisting them with flight tickets and with vaccination, getting them comfortable accommodation and transportation in Saudi Arabia – all at their own expense. The limit of the responsibilities of the boards was the limit of government involvement in Hajj operations. Apart from one VIP Hajj flight per year involving the Sardauna and selected members of the northern elite, there are no records of any government-sponsored Hajj trip for anybody in any of the regions.

What is the official explanation (reason) for the Federal Government’s release of that subsidy for the Hajj? Each of the 48,414 intending pilgrims was initially supposed to pay N3.5 million, then it was jacked up to N4.9 million when the dollar raced past the strength of our sense. N4.9 million is a huge amount in this season of want. There was an outcry which the anti-subsidy government in Abuja heard and doused with a subsidy coolant which translated to N1.6 million per pilgrim. This N90 billion pilgrimage subsidy paid by this government I could not find anywhere in the 2024 budget of the Federal Government. Even in the pads and paddings, it is absent. So, where did the president conjure that humongous sum from?

Even after that intervention, there are further subsidies to pay. Because the forex crisis has set every plan ablaze, the total hajj fees payable is no longer N4.9 million per pilgrim. The hajj commission last week raised the fare by a further N1,918,032.91 blaming forex volatility. The amount is now N6.8 million per pilgrim. The arithmetic is well explained in a report by the Daily Trust some days ago which quoted a Hajj commission source: “By the previous calculation, the N90 billion given by the Federal Government can only subsidise 19,000 intending pilgrims by ₦3.5 million. But by spreading it on 50,000 pilgrims, it (the subsidy) reduced it (the shortfall) to N1.9 million. This means that the federal government has subsidised each pilgrim by ₦1.6 million…” There is still a shortfall of N1.9 million which each of the pilgrims has to pay. But they may not pay anything. Some state governments are paying it for them.

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A friend asked when this culture of using public funds to fund private religious acts started. It is difficult to know but it didn’t start with this regime. When a head would go bad, it starts its descent gradually, unnoticed. What I know is that there used to be pride in people using their hard-earned money to go to Mecca. O.E. Tangban in his ‘The Hajj and the Nigerian Economy’ (1991) traces this tradition of going to Mecca and notes that at the very beginning “ordinary people went on Hajj by land routes across Chad to Sudan and then by boat to Jeddah” – with their hard-earned money. Even big men did. Dunama, the second Muslim Mai (king) of Kanemi – what we know today as Borno – followed that route. History says he was the first around here to go on pilgrimage to Mecca. He went the first time and came back. He went the second time and returned in peace. He went the third time and perished in an accident in the Red Sea. There is no record that he stole from the poor to fund his Hajj.

Nigerians are a very religious people. You would think being this religious coheres with piety. Some of those whose Hajj fees we’ve just paid have gone to Mecca in many and repeated times – like Abiku. Indeed, for some, it is business – legit and illegit. A lot goes with pilgrimages – to Saudi Arabia and to Israel – which mocks the reason and essence of pilgrimage. On the current Hajj list will be mistresses, paramours and concubines of some ‘pious’ persons of influence. I witnessed a case some years ago. We are using scarce funds to sponsor the good and the bad and the very ugly. Some of the officials particularly hate the smell of roses. It is a chain. The known faces are mere masks of the very big men of religion who preach fiery sermons of godliness. To them, pilgrimage is their soup pot, their business, and they always find one verse somewhere to validate what they do. It didn’t start today.

A big businessman from a wealthy family in Kano was arrested, tried, convicted and fined £7,000 in Sudan in April 1957 for currency trafficking. He was the sole agent in charge of the welfare and wellbeing of all Hajj pilgrims from Northern Nigeria. For that year’s Hajj – which many from the north did by road, the big man collected money from poor intending pilgrims and decided to do brisk business with it. He was arrested in Sudan “for illegally smuggling over 21,000 Egyptian pounds into the country.” Quoting several 1957 and 1958 editions of ‘The Nigerian Citizen’ newspaper, Heaton, in another chapter of his book referenced above (page 160), wrote that apparently the man “had been taking the deposits made by his Nigerian clients (pilgrims) and trading them for profit rather than forwarding them to the next location for dispersal. Deposits made in Nigeria in British sterling were traded in Beirut for Egyptian pounds” netting the man “a 50 percent profit on the original deposits that he could then pocket before delivering the funds to Sudan for distribution to pilgrims and his contracted agents…” His victims, the pilgrims, suffered and got stranded; two of them died of meningitis while waiting to be sorted out. The big man absconded to Nigeria and soon got into bigger trouble: His home was searched and found with “printing presses, currency moulds and £5,000 worth of forged £1 and £5 notes.” He was tried and, on 22 November, 1957, jailed for eight years. But if you are big here, no net will be big enough to restrain your fish. The man came out of prison earlier than ordered; he joined the ruling party and was elected into the House of Representatives in 1965. End of story.

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Gov Mohammed Flags Off 1 Million Tree Planting Exercise In Bauchi

Published

2 hours ago

August 8, 2025

Editor

Gov. Bala Mohammed of Bauchi state, on Thursday, flagged off the plantation of one million trees in the state.

Speaking during the flagging off ceremony of the 2025 annual tree planting campaign in Dass Local Government Area of the state, Mohammed said that the trees contained both the indigenous and fruits bearing trees.

These trees, he said, were to be planted across all the 20 Local Government Areas of the state.

According to him, the forests in the state were under siege, saying that uncontrolled deforestation, illegal logging, bush burning and over grazing had left most of the lands barren.

“In response, tree planting must become a must movement, a people’s revolution to reclaim their land, restore their dignity and integrity and create a new hope within our environment.

“Trees are not just nature’s ornaments, they are life sustaining assets. They absorb carbon dioxide, improve soil fertility, recharge ground water, provide timber among others.

“This year, we are targeting the planting of 1 million trees across all the 20 Local Government Areas ranging from indigenous species to economic and other fruits like Mango, guava, cashew and oranges.

“These trees will not only green our environment, but also generate income for farmers, improve food and security, create jobs especially for our youth and women,” he said.

Mohammed explained that the seedlings would be provided to households, schools and farmers and the government would engage extension workers to support community restoration efforts to monitor survival rates.

The governor further said that the gesture was imperative as every tree planted was a shield against poverty, hunger, displacement and a reward from God after death.

“Every tree nurtured is an investment in our collective prosperity.

“I therefore call upon all the local government chairmen to visit all the local government headquarters to ensure that this gesture takes place everywhere.

“They must work with their counselors to make sure that this gesture is replicated in their wards,” said the governor.

Earlier, Alh Danlami Kaule, the state Commissioner for Housing and Environment, said the theme of the 2025 annual tree planting campaign is ‘Plant a tree for a better tomorrow’.

He expressed the ministry’s commitment in promoting sustainable environmental practices and urban development.

“Our goal is to restore, enhance biodiversity and create greener communities that support both humans and ecological well-being”. He said.

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OPINION: Oluwo Holier Than The Godless Ilorin Imam (2)

Published

3 hours ago

August 8, 2025

Editor

Tunde Odesola

It’s my third day in the serene city of Ilorin, where no fly has perched on my gleamy spacecraft, nor has anyone come near to vandalise it. What curious onlookers have done is to stand in awe at a distance and fantasise – ‘oh, what a steely capsule of gravity-defying engineering!’ If it were in some notorious cities, a blue whale washed ashore would take more hours to be stripped to the bone than for my spacecraft to be dismembered by itinerant metal scavengers. Though the cloud of insecurity hovers above the whole country, the sky is darker in some states than others. In Ilorin, my spacecraft was unscratched for three unguarded nights.

I’m still in the Oke-Kudu area of Ilorin, where I have come to see the chest-thumping Magaji of Oke-Kudu, who claimed in a viral video that he made a Canadian female witness, Loranie, go mad so that then-prince Abdulrasheed Akanbi, now the Oluwo of Iwo, could be let off the hook in a criminal case in Toronto, Canada, many years ago. This lord of Oke-Kudu said he prayed to his god (certainly not Allah) to throw a spanner into Loranie’s brain, and his god did, Magaji noted with aplomb.

To believe the Magaji is to believe the old wives’ tale of the tiger giving birth in the forest whenever the rain pours down its water and the sun radiates its fire, simultaneously. Before human feet began to trample on the eyes of the earth, Yoruba forebears evolved a proverb. It says, “If the wicked pleads his case before a court, it is not the wicked who will sit in judgment over the case.” As the Magaji has stated his case against the Oluwo, and the world awaits a response from the monarch, I’ll offer Akanbi some sincere advice – free of charge. He should sue the Magaji and be ready to prove his innocence in court. To go online and threaten some imaginary persons for defamation is not regal; the Oluwo should walk the talk by dragging the Magaji to court and scapegoat him.

I make this charge because only yesterday, another viral video of the Oluwo surfaced, in which he threatened to ensure that anyone who defames him goes to jail. I implore Oba Akanbi to make good his threat by making an example of the Magaji.

Meanwhile, while the masses await Oluwo’s proof of innocence, which I think may never come, the Magaji should be made to boil in the broth of his egotism and lies. Nothing better describes evil than an Islamic cleric, who boastfully affirms in a viral video that God heard his prayer to make an innocent Canadian go mad for a criminal suspect to be freed.

There is a proverb that stands on two legs instead of three. It is: ‘Speech is silver, silence is golden’. The third leg should be ‘Not always’. Akanbi should not remain silent in the face of the weighty criminal allegations levelled by Magaji, his erstwhile associate. The Oluwo should redeem his reputation.

Though I respect Islam and its adherents, many of whom are my friends, I do not believe the Magaji has any spiritual powers at all, let alone the power to make anyone go mad. If he does have such a power, I dare him to make me go mad! I dare him to count the beads of his ‘tesbih’ one million times, chant ‘yasin’, ‘yasin’, two million times, and do 100 ablutions on Mount Arafat, a hair on my body won’t fall off.

However, if some Muslim faithful anywhere believe that certain Islamic clerics can use the Holy Quran to invoke God to do injustice, then it is apposite to conclude that such Muslims are ignorant of who Allah truly is. Allah is love. So, to clear the air and sustain belief among the Muslim laity, prominent Islamic bodies should denounce the teaching and example of Mgaji Oke-Kudu. This is the juncture where the League of Imams and Alfas in Yorubaland, Edo, and Delta states needs to speak up against the Magaji and his misleading ilk who speak ill of Islam. This is the junction where Islamic activists such as Ishaq Akintola of Muslim Rights Concern should condemn the blatant claims of the Magaji. To keep quiet and turn a deaf ear to the blasphemy oozing from Ilorin is to confirm Magaji’s claim that Allah is manipulable. Allah should not be disfigured by charlatans while Nigerian Islamdom watches and keeps silent. The reach of the mouth is farther than the reach of the foot; ‘ibi ti enu de, ese o de be’. Talk is potent.

The potency of talk came to the fore in Otu, an Oyo town, once upon a time. A foremost custodian of African history, culture and tradition, Prof Wande Abimbola, told me a certain man built his house on the slope of a hill. “Ha! Who built a house along a hill? “Eh, whose house is this?” Yeepa, ta lo ko ile si ara oke?” Tongues wagged. But the house stood its ground.

However, the awuyewuye talk did not cease; it grew in intensity. “Did this man not see a plain ground to build his house?” “Why did he choose a slope to build his house? “What is wrong with some people, sef?” Is he blind?” “Ha, people don’t fear o!” “This is a wrong place to build a house nah.” “If he wants to die, he should die alone. Why does he want to take his wives and children along with him?” “Some people are just wicked.”

Then, one day, the house collapsed, and the Olúbòbòtiribò story emerged from Otu, thus. The Olúbòbòtiribò story has a song. This is how it goes, “Omo kekere enu lebo o; enu lebo. Agbalagba enu lebo o, enu lebo, Olúbòbòtiribò, awo enu,” meaning: “Children, the mouth is a sacrifice. Adults, the mouth is a sacrifice, Olúbòbòtiribò, the disciple of the mouth.”

Today, in Ile-Ife, the Olúbòbòtiribò myth has grown to be deified in deference to the potency of the spoken word, says Abimbola. Many musicians, such as the plane-stopping Wasiu Ayinde, had made a song about Olúbòbòtiribò awo enu. And, I wonder why a musician who knows how the tongue can engender reputational ruin could engage in an embarrassing public display unbefitting of his age, position and commonsense. Iru kileyi, Omo Anifowose?

This is the time for self-check, Baba Sultan. While you blocked the Value Jet plane from taking off at the Abuja airport, I heard you say in the viral video, “Je a ma ja lo; let’s continue fighting.” At 68 years of age, you should bridle your actions and mouth, o ye ki e ko ara yin ni ijanu, boda Wasiu. That tarmac display was very shameful. Watching an online video recently, I was shocked when the Lagos State Chairman, National Union of Road Transport Workers, Alhaji Mustapha Adekunle, aka Sego, punished an NUTRW member who maltreated a female commercial driver. Alhaji Wasiu, if you stand in the way of my spacecraft as I make to leave Ilorin now for Iwo, I will use you to ‘ko bodi’ into space.

Moving away from that yeye on the tarmac, I return to my exploration in earnest. After spending three days in Ikoro-Ekiti and three days in Ilorin, I plan to spend just one day in Iwo, where I am about to head now. Iwo is no less a town than Ikoro-Ekiti or Ilorin, but a day is enough for the assignment at hand because my guest, the Oluwo, is a very busy oba; busy hoisting Islam over Yoruba tradition and culture. I think I’ve done half of the Iwo job by charging Akanbi to man up and challenge to court the Magaji.

The lift off from Ilorin was great. Within the blink of an eye, Iwo came into aerial focus. Iwo, my Iwo! Iwo Olodo Oba, Iwo Atenigbola, Ateni Gbare! Iwo holds a special place in my heart because I have more friends and mentors in it than in Ikoro-Ekiti and Ilorin combined.

My spacecraft splashed down gently into the Oba River in Iwo, and indigenes came rushing to see the alloy wonder and its Igbajo astronaut. I smiled and waved teeming crowd.

Oba Akanbi, long may you reign! Long may the crown remain on our head, long may the king’s horse eat the fodder, may thy horsetail become a needle, kabiyesi. Àse!

Kabiyesi, I can hear grumblings in the land. No sooner had I landed than I sighted a letter by an Iwo-based association, the Mogajis and Forum of Iwo Princes, seeking an official meeting with Osun State Governor, Asiwaju Ademola Adeleke, over some “issues of urgent public concern which had for quite some time loomed as worrying and warning signals to possible breach of peace in Iwoland”.

The letter addressed to the governor reads further, “It is on the basis of the above that we intend to get an audience with you at your earliest convenience. These issues, painful as they are to report, having exhausted all humanly reasonable internal interventional mechanisms, without results, are to be discussed at the meeting being proposed.”

Signed by its chairman, Alhaji Fatai Owokoniran, and secretary, Prince Saheed Ganiyu, the letter, whose receipt was acknowledged by the Governor’s Office, Osun State, on July 4, 2025, expressed confidence in the governor’s ability in conflict resolution.

A recent viral video by Prince Lawuyi and Prince Abimbola Alade suggested why the forum of Iwo princes wrote to Governor Adeleke. In the video viewed on online TV, Atopinpin, the two octogenarian princes faulted Oluwo’s preference to be called Alaafin of Iwo, instead of the Oluwo of Iwo title borne by his ancestors. Also, the princes said it was wrong for Oluwo to charge princes money for traditional titles, a development they said was strange to Iwo.

Although I am not from Iwo, I believe I can offer some sincere advice to the Oluwo and Iwo people. Everyone knows the Oluwo is no stranger to controversy, but when a king is about to clock 10 years on the throne, he should be dignified in speech and conduct. As the king looks forward to another decade, I pray that his corpses of fraud and imprisonment in the US would be buried for good. However, for people not to refer to those embarrassing cases, the Oluwo must learn to be royal and less controversial.

But if the Oluwo refuses to change in the coming days, the people of Iwo should call on ‘oluganbe’, the potent leaf the Yoruba use for curing sobia – the guineaworm. No king is more powerful than his people.

My assignment is done in Iwo. But before I leave for my Igbajo Iloro abode, I need to etch the Ikoro-Ekiti myth of Onikoro Mèbí, Àgbìgbònìwònràn and the Queen in a riddle for the wise to solve.

Who typifies the Oluwo, the Magaji, and the queen in this exploration story?

For reminders, the Àgbìgbònìwònràn, who should be a change agent, ended up needing change himself as he worsened the situation he met on the ground. Onikoro Mèbí was arrogant and beastly, killing with impunity. I will unscrew the riddle of the queen: the queen typifies the government, and the kingmakers who enthrone misfits as princes. I will leave you to figure out who typifies Àgbìgbònìwònràn and who typifies Onikoro Mèbí? Goodbye, Oluwo; goodbye, Magaji.

* Concluded.

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NCAA Seeks K1 De Ultimate’s Arrest, Petitions AGF, IG

Published

15 hours ago

August 7, 2025

Editor

The Nigeria Civil Aviation Authority has formally petitioned the Attorney-General of the Federation and the Inspector-General of Police, asking them to investigate and prosecute veteran Fuji musician, King Wasiu Ayinde Marshal, popularly known as K1 De Ultimate, over an incident that occurred aboard a domestic ValueJet flight.

The incident, which happened on Tuesday, reportedly disrupted standard operational procedures and has raised serious concerns about passenger behaviour and compliance with aviation safety protocols.

According to preliminary reports, K1 De Ultimate was allegedly involved in conduct during ValueJet flight VK201 that contravenes the Nigerian Civil Aviation Regulations.

According to a statement signed by the agency on Thursday, it noted that in the petition, the NCAA urged the Attorney-General and the IGP to “launch a thorough investigation into the incident” and commence “appropriate prosecution in accordance with the provisions of the Nigeria Civil Aviation regulations 2023 supra and all other applicable laws.”

In a further move to reinforce compliance and accountability, the Director General of Civil Aviation, Capt. Chris Najomo has issued an advisory to the Airline Operators of Nigeria recommending that K1 De Ultimate be placed on a No-Fly List for all commercial flights pending the conclusion of the investigation.

The advisory, according to the NCAA, is in line with international aviation best practices designed to ensure the safety of passengers, crew, and aircraft operations.

The statement read, “In a letter addressed to both the Attorney-General and the Inspector-General of Police, the NCAA called for a comprehensive criminal investigation and the initiation of appropriate prosecution in accordance with the provisions of the Nigeria Civil Aviation regulations 2023 supra and all other applicable laws.

“Furthermore, and in light of the growing concern, the Director General of Civil Aviation, Capt. Chris Najomo, has also issued an advisory to the Airline Operators of Nigeria, urging the immediate consideration and institution of a No-Fly List for K1 De Ultimate (on any commercial flight), pending the outcome of official investigations.

“This advisory is in line with global aviation standards that prioritise the safety of passengers, crew, and airline operations.

“The NCAA reiterates its commitment to ensuring that no individual, regardless of their status or public image, undermines the integrity of our aviation industry as passengers are held to the same standards of behavior and compliance within Nigeria’s airspace.”

The Authority emphasised that aviation safety and discipline remain non-negotiable and that the industry cannot afford to tolerate acts that could endanger lives or compromise the integrity of flight operations.